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Monday, February 09, 2026

Affordable Beef, Commercial Fishing, Threats From Iran, Arms Transfer Strategy, Protecting US From Criminal Actors, US-India Framework, Patriot Arthur Lee, And More


February 8, 2026

Affordable Beef, Commercial Fishing, Threats From Iran, Arms Transfer Strategy, Protecting US From Criminal Actors, US-India Framework, Patriot Arthur Lee, And More

By S.E. Gunn, PhDAll News Pipeline

On February 6, 2026, President Trump signed the Proclamation Ensuring Affordable Beef for the American Consumer announcing US beef production has fallen due to droughts and wildfires. The discrepancy in supply was being filled by Mexico; however, in May 2025, Mexican beef was found to be infected by the New World screwworm and a block was issued to stop importing infected beef. Less beef available for sale to consumers has caused the price of beef to rise to their highest rates ever. However, US consumers want beef even though there are other proteins available (chicken, pork, fish, etc.), especially ground beef. Based on information from the Secretary of Agriculture, President Trump has proclaimed that for calendar year 2026, the quota for beef will be increased by 80,000 metric tons of lean beef trimmings (for making ground beef) and is allocated exclusively to Argentina. The Secretary of Agriculture will continue to monitor our US supply of lean beef trimmings to determine whether the 80,000 metric tons needs to be decreased or increased based on consumer needs.

The accompanying Fact Sheet President Donald J. Trump Ensures Affordable Beef for the American Consumer explains that we need additional beef to meet the dietary needs and demands of US consumers. By importing additional beef, prices should stabilize to a lower rate while US ranchers rebuild their stock.

On February 6, 2026, President Trump signed the Proclamation Unleashing American Commercial Fishing in the Atlantic which begins by detailing how each administration since Obama in 2016 has restricted (and unrestricted) fishing in the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument area surreptitiously because of the historic and scientific interests the monument protects. In addition, the fish and plants in the area are already covered by other laws, making previous declarations moot. President Trump writes:

NOW, THEREFORE, I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 320301 of title 54, United States Code, hereby proclaim that Proclamation 10287 is revoked and the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument shall be managed in accordance with Proclamation 10049, which allows for commercial fishing within the monument.

The accompanying Fact Sheet President Donald J. Trump Unleashes Commercial Fishing in the Atlantic explains that all 4,913 square miles of the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument, located off the coast of New England, By reinstating fishing in this area, it will strengthen our economy, support coastal communities, and restore fairness in the fishing industry which has been overly burdened by regulations and unfair foreign competition.

On February 6, 2026, President Trump signed EO Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Iran using tariffs against both Iran and all the other countries who support Iran's terroristic government.

  • Section 1 details the background, starting in 1995, of the full range of threats posed by the government of Iran. 
  • Section 2 implements tariffs, starting at 25%, on goods imported to the US that are products of countries that directly or indirectly benefit Iran. As usual, the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of State shall keep tabs on these tariffs and report to the President of any changes that need to be made.
  • Section 3 allows the President to modify this order based on information received from senior officials or changed circumstances.
  • Section 4 assigns monitoring to the Secretary of State.
  • Section 5 delegates to the Secretary of State, Secretary of Commerce, and the US Trade Representative authority to take all actions necessary to implement this order, including suspension or amendment of regulations (announced through the Federal Register) as well as to employ all powers granted to the President, including by IEEPA, that are necessary to implement this order.
  • Section 6 defines the terms goods or services from Iran, indirectly, Iran, and Government of Iran for the purposes of this EO.
  • Section 7 specifies the effective date of this EO to be February 7, 2026 at 12:01am ET.
  • Section 8 states that if any part of this EO is invalid, it does not invalidate the rest of the order.

The accompanying Fact Sheet President Donald J. Trump Addresses Threats to the United States by the Government of Iran explains this EO confronts the Iranian regime by imposing additional tariffs on other countries who support the Iranian regime. It is hoped these tariffs will counter Iran's malign influence by holding Iran accountable for its support of terrorism, mismanagement of their resources, and human rights abuses of their own people.

On February 6, 2026, President Trump signed EO Establishing an America First Arms Transfer Strategy with the purpose of maintaining US military dominance and technological superiority.

  • Section 1 acknowledges that US-manufactured military equipment is the best in the world. Therefore, using this equipment as a tool of foreign policy will support our allies and partners while increasing burden-sharing in the R&D & production/manufacturing of this equipment.
  • Section 2 states that it is the policy of the US to intentionally use arms transfers as a tool of US foreign policy by establishing an America First Arms Transfer Strategy to provide clear direction and implementation guidance to arms transfer stakeholders and to streamline processes across the whole-of-government to strengthen effectiveness and efficiencies in the process.
  • Section 3 this America First Arms Transfer Strategy will accomplish the following:
    • (i)    The United States will use arms sales and transfers to increase production and build production capacity for weapons and platforms the Secretary of War determines to be the most operationally relevant for executing the National Security Strategy (NSS);
    • (ii)   The United States will use foreign purchases and capital to support domestic reindustrialization, expand production capacity, and improve the resilience of the United States defense industrial base.  Arms sales and transfers will support Department of War (DoW) efforts to promote innovation and competition by incentivizing new entrants and nontraditional defense companies to contribute to the defense industrial base;
    • (iii)  The United States will use arms sales and transfers to reinforce DoW acquisition and sustainment activities, including by building critical supply chain resilience and avoiding adding to backlogs on priority components and end-items that impact United States or ally and partner readiness;
    • (iv)   Consistent with Executive Order 14268 of April 9, 2025 (Reforming Foreign Defense Sales to Improve Speed and Accountability), the United States will prioritize arms sales and transfers to partners that have invested in their own self-defense and capabilities, have a critical role or geography in United States plans and operations, or contribute to our economic security.
  • And provides reporting dates for Secretary of Commerce (120 days to produce a sales catalog); Secretary of State and Secretary of War (120 days to make suggestions to support the strategic objectives); and Secretary of State, Secretary of War, and Secretary of Commerce (60 days to develop an industry engagement plan).
  • Section 4 will eliminate inefficiencies in American Arms Transfer. To this end, Secretary of War will have 90 days to determine which weapons, platforms, or capabilities require enhanced end use monitoring. Secretary of State will have 60 days to review the Third-Party Transfer process and submit a plan to streamline the process. Secretary of War will have 90 days to develop a process to provide advanced notice to allies and partners of upcoming actions and deadlines. 
  • Section 5 orders Secretaries of State, War, & Commerce to establish the Promoting American Military Sales Task Force within 30 days. The task force will be headed by the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (or designee), the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, and the Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade; develop the task force charter clearly defining specific objectives and structure of the task force; include Service Acquisition Executives of the military departments as well as non-military implementing agencies; and convene quarterly (or as required). Within 120 days quarterly performance metrics will be published quarterly.

The accompanying Fact Sheet President Donald J. Trump Establishes the America First Arms Transfer Strategy explains that arms transfers will reindustrialize the US while keeping America First, ensuring manufacturing goes to US manufacturers and production companies. It is anticipated that these actions will accelerate the sales of US manufactured equipment.

On February 6, 2026, President Trump signed EO Protecting the National Security and Welfare of the United States and its Citizens from Criminal Actors and Other Public Safety Threats declares that it is the policy of the US to protect its welfare and security from criminal actors.

  • Section 1 defines criminal actors as including foreign nationals with criminal histories as well as those who seek to violate the criminal laws of the US. The US also cooperates with trusted foreign governments in sharing information concerning convicted felons on a reciprocal basis for border security and immigration purposes. DHS is responsible for security and safeguarding our borders. To more adequately fulfill its responsibilities, DHS must have access to the Criminal History Record Information (CHRI) held by Federal criminal justice agencies as permitted by law.
  • Section 2 orders the AG to provide DHS access, for purposes related to screening and vetting missions, to CHRI available to or maintained by the DOJ.
  • Section 3 allows DHS to exchange (as permitted by law) CHRI with border security and immigration authorities of Visa Waiver Program (VWP) countries, countries that have a Preventing and Combating Serious Crime, or similar agreement with the US, and other trusted allies. Any exchange shall be on the basis of reciprocity that contains safeguards to protect the privacy of US persons and other individuals with applicable law.

So, prior to this order, DHS agents did not have access to CHRI? That must have really hampered their ability to do their job!

On February 6, 2026, President Trump signed EO Modifying Duties to Address Threats to the United States by the Government of the Russian Federation because Russia is undermining the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine.

  • Section 1 finds that the threat from Russia still exists because India is directly or indirectly importing Russian oil. However, India recently committed to a framework with the US to purchase US energy products and to expand defense cooperation over the next 10 years (see below).
  • Section 2 modifies tariffs on India by removing the 25% tariff effective February 7, 2026 at 12:01am ET.
  • Section 3 directs the Secretary of State to implement this order.
  • Section 4 directs the Secretary of Commerce to monitor this situation. Should India return to directly or indirectly importing Russian oil, The Secretary of Commerce shall make recommendation to the President as to re-establishment of the 25% tariff.

On February 6, 2026, the White House released the statement United States-India Joint Statement announcing an agreement to a framework for trade has been reached (mentioned above). The key terms include:

  • India will eliminate or reduce tariffs on all U.S. industrial goods and a wide range of U.S. food and agricultural products, including dried distillers’ grains (DDGs), red sorghum for animal feed, tree nuts, fresh and processed fruit, soybean oil, wine and spirits, and additional products.
  • The United States will apply a reciprocal tariff rate of 18 percent under Executive Order 14257 of April 2, 2025 (Regulating Imports With a Reciprocal Tariff to Rectify Trade Practices That Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits), as amended, on originating goods of India, including textile and apparel, leather and footwear, plastic and rubber, organic chemicals, home décor, artisanal products, and certain machinery, and, subject to the successful conclusion of the Interim Agreement, will remove the reciprocal tariff on a wide range of goods identified in the Potential Tariff Adjustments for Aligned Partners Annex to Executive Order 14346 of September 5, 2025 (Modifying the Scope of Reciprocal Tariffs and Establishing Procedures for Implementing Trade and Security Agreements), as amended, including generic pharmaceuticals, gems and diamonds, and aircraft parts.
  • The United States will also remove tariffs on certain aircraft and aircraft parts of India imposed to eliminate threats to national security found in Proclamation 9704 of March 8, 2018 (Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States), as amended; Proclamation 9705 of March 8, 2018 (Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States), as amended; and Proclamation 10962 of July 30, 2025 (Adjusting Imports of Copper Into the United States).  Similarly, consistent with U.S. national security requirements, India will receive a preferential tariff rate quota for automotive parts subject to the tariff imposed to eliminate threats to national security found in Proclamation 9888 of May 17, 2019 (Adjusting Imports of Automobiles and Automobile Parts Into the United States), as amended.  Contingent on the findings of the U.S. Section 232 investigation of pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical ingredients, India will receive negotiated outcomes with respect to generic pharmaceuticals and ingredients.
  • The United States and India commit to provide each other preferential market access in sectors of respective interest on a sustained basis.
  • The United States and India will establish rules of origin that ensure that the benefits of the Agreement accrue predominately to the United States and India. 
  • The United States and India will address non-tariff barriers that affect bilateral trade. India agrees to address long-standing barriers to the trade in U.S. medical devices; eliminate restrictive import licensing procedures that delay market access for, or impose quantitative restrictions on, U.S. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) goods; and determine, with a view towards a positive outcome, within six months of entry into force of the Agreement whether U.S.-developed or international standards, including testing requirements, are acceptable for the purposes of U.S. exports entering the Indian market in identified sectors. Recognizing the importance of working together to resolve long-standing concerns, India also agrees to address long-standing non-tariff barriers to the trade in U.S. food and agricultural products.
  • For the purposes of enhancing ease of compliance with applicable technical regulations, the United States and India intend to discuss their respective standards and conformity assessment procedures for mutually agreed sectors. 
  • In the event of any changes to the agreed upon tariffs of either country, the United States and India agree that the other country may modify its commitments.
  • The United States and India will work towards further expanding market access opportunities through the negotiations of the BTA. The United States affirms that it intends to take into consideration, during the negotiations of the BTA, India’s request that the United States continue to work to lower tariffs on Indian goods.
  • The United States and India agree to strengthen economic security alignment to enhance supply chain resilience and innovation through complementary actions to address non- market policies of third parties, as well as cooperation on inbound and outbound investment reviews and export controls.
  • India intends to purchase $500 billion of U.S. energy products, aircraft and aircraft parts, precious metals, technology products, and coking coal over the next 5 years. India and the United States will significantly increase trade in technology products, including Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and other goods used in data centers, and expand joint technology cooperation.
  • The United States and India commit to address discriminatory or burdensome practices and other barriers to digital trade and to set a clear pathway to achieve robust, ambitious, and mutually beneficial digital trade rules as part of the BTA.

The framework takes effect immediately while India and the US work to finalize the Agreement.


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On February 6, 2026, the White House published the statement Congressional Bill S. 3424 Signed into Law about Chapter 7 and 11 bankruptcy.

S3424Bankruptcy Administration Improvement Act of 2025 was introduced by Christopher A Coons (D-DE) on December 10, 2025. The bill had 3 cosponsors (2 Republicans and 1 Democrat). The purpose of this bill is to:

  • To amend titles 11 and 28, United States Code, to modify the compensation payable to trustees serving in cases under chapter 7 of title 11, United States Code, to extend the term of certain temporary offices of bankruptcy judges, and for other purposes.
  • This act, and the amendments made by this act:
    • (A) increase the compensation of chapter 7 bankruptcy trustees to the level that is appropriate, overdue, and proportionate with the level that was intended in 1994, by increasing the total compensation of trustees to $120 per case;
    • (B) ensure adequate funding of the United States trustee system through the increase of certain fees, which will also apply to districts that are not part of a United States trustee region as required by existing law; and
    • (C) support the preservation of existing bankruptcy judgeships that are urgently needed to handle existing and anticipated increases in business and consumer caseloads.
  • Section 3 raises Trustee Compensation from $45 to $105.
  • Section 4 extends quarterly fees from 5 years to 10 years, extends the period for deposits to 2031, and allocates $5.4M of collected fees to be deposited to the general fund of the Treasury.
  • Section 5 extends certain temporary bankruptcy judge terms from 5 years to 10 years.
  • Section 6 sets the effective date as the first day of the calendar quarter that first occurs on or after the date of enactment of this act. However, compensation of officers in section 3 take effect October 1, 2026.

President Trump's Presidential Actions published in the Federal Register (FR) to date:

  • 235 Executive Orders
  • 124 Proclamations
  • 105 Presidential Orders, Memoranda, Determinations, Permits, and Notices

On February 6, 2026, the FR published Proclamation 11008 National Black History Month, 2026 signed February 3, 2026 (discussed in my February 5, 2026 ANP Article).

On February 6, 2026, the FR published the Presidential Notice Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Situation in and in Relation to Burma, signed February 3, 2026. This notice was sent directly to the FR for publication. It extends the National Emergency declared in EO 14014 Blocking Property With Respect to the Situation in Burma signed February 10, 2021 through February 10, 2027. President Trump and his administration are currently engaging in dialog to reduce the conflict and subsequent violence in the area. 

LAWFARE lawsuit tracker to date:

  • 228 active cases
  • 21 suits filed by the Trump Administration
  • 17 SCOTUS stays or motions to vacate of lower court orders
  • 1 SCOTUS affirmation of lower court order
  • 8 suits where judges ruled for the federal government
  • 9 suits where judges ruled against the federal government
  • 6 criminal prosecutions by the DOJ: 
    • Representative McIver, 
    • former FBI Director James Comey, dismissed without prejudice 11/24/2025,
    • former National Security Advisor John Bolton, 
    • (illegal alien) Kilmar Abrego Garcia, ordered released 12/11/2025;
    • New York AG Letitia A James, dismissed without prejudice 11/24/2025,
    • Congressional candidate Katherine Abughazaleh

In the lawsuit Neguse v. Immigration and Customs Enforcement docket # 1:25-cv-02463 filed in District Court, District of Columbia on July 30, 2025 about Congress Suit Against ICE where a coalition of democratic congress members sued ICE and DHS over the department's policy which requires 7 days notice to schedule visits to DHS detention facilities (discussed in my January 8, 2026 ANP Article). On February 2, 2026, Judge Jia M Cobb ordered:

    • ORDERED that Plaintiffs’ motion for a temporary restraining order, ECF 49, is GRANTED; and it is further 
    • ORDERED that Defendants are TEMPORARILY ENJOINED from enforcing against the Plaintiffs the oversight visit policy as announced on January 8, 2026, or otherwise requiring any Plaintiff to provide advance notice before conducting oversight visits at any facility operated by or for DHS used to detain or otherwise house aliens; and it is further
    • ORDERED that this Order shall apply to the maximum extent provided for by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65(d)(2); and it is further
    • ORDERED that, pursuant to Rule 65(b)(2), this Order shall expire in 14 days, subject to any further order from the Court; and it is further
    • ORDERED that, should Defendants intend to file a supplemental brief in support of their opposition to Plaintiffs’ request for a Section 705 stay, they shall have until February 8, 2026, to do so. Plaintiffs shall have until February 11, 2026, to file any additional reply in support of their request for a Section 705 stay. The Court will shortly contact the Parties regarding a hearing.
    • Should the Parties confer and agree on an alternative briefing schedule, they may request alternative dates by submitting a joint status report.

So ICE got their temporary restraining order, Congress members (defendants) are temporarily enjoined from implementing their January 8, 2026 "new visiting policy," but this TRO is only good for 14 days. Defendants will file another brief by February 8 and Plaintiffs have until February 11 to reply. I am surprised because this Judge has been known to side for the loony left.

In the lawsuit Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension v. Noem docket # 0:26-cv-00628 filed in District Court, D. Minnesota on January 24, 2026 about Shooting of Alex Pretti (discussed in my January 31, 2026 ANP Article). On February 2, 2026, Judge Eric C Tostrud ordered:

    • 1. The Temporary Restraining Order dated January 24, 2026 [ECF No. 10] is DISSOLVED.
    • 2. To the extent Plaintiffs seek further relief through their Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order [ECF No. 2], Plaintiffs’ request is DENIED. This denial is without prejudice to any future motion Plaintiffs may file should they believe circumstances have changed or narrower relief is required.
    • 3. Defendants’ Motion to Seal FBI Declaration [ECF No. 18] is GRANTED.

TROs are typically only good for 14 days to give defendants time to gather the information they need to confront the case. 

In the lawsuit Minnesota v. Noem docket # 0:26-cv-00190 filed in District Court, D. Minnesota on January 12, 2026 about Operation Metro Surge (discussed in my January 14, 2026 ANP Article). On February 2, 2026, Judge Katherine M Menendez ordered:

    • IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT Plaintiffs’ Motion for a Preliminary Injunction (Dkt. 5) is DENIED.

So, Operation Metro Surge continues while this case drags itself through the courts.

In the lawsuit Asylum Seeker Advocacy Project v. United States Citizenship and Immigration Services docket # 1:25-cv-03299 filed in District Court, D. Maryland on October 3, 2025 about New Annual Asylum Fee. The original lawsuit sought the following relief:

    1. Declaring that the USCIS Notice and EOIR Memo are unlawful;
    2. Vacating and setting aside the USCIS Notice and EOIR Memo;
    3. Enjoining USCIS and EOIR from imposing annual asylum fees for asylum applications that were pending as of July 4, 2025;
    4. Declaring that OBBBA does not authorize the retroactive imposition of annual asylum fees to individuals whose applications for asylum were filed on or before July 4, 2025;
    5. Ordering EOIR to provide applicants a method through which they can pay any required annual asylum fee, and to refrain from penalizing applicants for nonpayment until it gives them notice and a reasonable opportunity to pay;
    6. Mandating that USCIS and EOIR reinstate to the status quo ante asylum applications that were pending as of July 4, 2025, and were then dismissed or otherwise rejected for failure to pay an annual asylum fee;
    7. Mandating that EOIR make appropriate efforts to either reimburse or credit asylum seekers’ attempts to pay the annual fee made through the EOIR’s initial fee portal, by mail, or otherwise;
    8. Entering any necessary preliminary relief;
    9. Awarding ASAP its reasonable costs, including attorney fees, incurred in bringing this action under 28 U.S.C. § 2412 or other applicable law; and
    10. Granting such other and further relief as this Court deems just and proper.

On February 2, 2026, Judge Stephanie A Gallagher issued 2 orders:

These fees were raised as part of the One Big Beautiful Bill, approved by Congress, and signed into law July 4, 2025. I suppose plaintiffs will attempt to take this further soon.

In the lawsuit Dickinson v. Trump docket # 3:25-cv-02170 filed in District Court, D. Oregon on November 21, 2025 about Portland ICE protests. The original lawsuit sought the following relief:

    1. Injunctive relief;
    2. Declaratory relief;
    3. An order vacating and setting aside Defendants’ unlawful policies and agency actions.
    4. An award of attorneys’ fees and costs
    5. Any other relief this Court deems just and proper. 

On February 3, 2026, Judge Michael H Simon ordered the TRO be granted:

    1. Defendants and their agents, employees, and all persons acting under their direction or in active concert or participation with them (collectively, “Enjoined Persons”) are hereby prohibited and enjoined from engaging in or directing or encouraging others to engage in any of the following actions at or in the vicinity of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement building located at 4310 S. Macadam Avenue, near the corner of Southwest Moody Avenue and Southwest Bancroft Street in Portland, Oregon (“Portland ICE Building”):
      1. No Enjoined Person may direct or use chemical or projectile munitions, including but not limited to kinetic impact projectiles, pepper ball or paintball guns, pepper or oleoresin capsicum spray, tear gas or other chemical irritants, soft nose rounds, 40mm or 37mm launchers, less lethal shotguns, and flashbang, Stinger, or rubber ball grenades, unless the specific target of such a weapon or device poses an imminent threat of physical harm to a law enforcement officer or other person.
      2. No Enjoined Person may fire any munitions or use any weapons (including those described above) at the head, neck, or torso of any person, unless the officer is legally justified in using deadly force against that person.
      3. No Enjoined Person may target any individual with a less lethal munition, if doing so would endanger any other individual who does not pose an imminent threat of physical harm to a law enforcement officer or other person. For purposes of illustration only, no Enjoined Person may use chemical or projectile munitions in response to trespassing, refusal to move, or refusal to obey a dispersal order.
    2. Nothing in this Order shall prevent an Enjoined Person from making an otherwise lawful arrest if there is probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed and that the person being arrested has committed that crime.
    3. Nothing in this Order shall prevent an Enjoined Person from using proportional force, including less lethal weapons, on any individual who poses an imminent threat of physical harm to a law enforcement officer or other person.
    4. Defendants shall not be liable for violating this Temporary Restraining Order if a person is incidentally exposed to a crowd-control device, provided that such a device is deployed in a manner fully consistent with this Order.
    5. Defendants shall promptly provide either a copy of this Temporary Restraining Order or a reasonably complete, accurate, and comprehensive summary to all Enjoined Persons who will likely be assigned any duties at or in the vicinity of the Portland ICE Building. Further, Defendants shall promptly file with the Court a copy of what they provided or will provide in the future as new Enjoined Persons begin their work at or in the vicinity of the Portland ICE Building.
    6. In the interest of justice, Plaintiffs need not provide any security, and the Court waives all requirements under Rule 65(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
    7. This Order shall expire fourteen (14) days after entry, unless otherwise extended by stipulation of the parties or further Order of the Court.
    8. Plaintiffs may file a motion for preliminary injunction not later than February 12, 2026, Defendant may respond not later than February 19, 2026, and Plaintiff may reply not later than February 26, 2026. The Court will hold an evidentiary hearing beginning on March 2, 2026, at 9:00 a.m. in Courtroom 15B of the United States Courthouse in Portland, Oregon. All other provisions in the Court’s First Case Management Order (ECF 44) remain in effect.

Let's tie the hands of law enforcement. I'm glad Kristi Noem is supplying ICE officers with body cams. They will need them to prove there was imminent threat. The lawsuit continues while this TRO is in effect until February 17, 2026.

In the lawsuit Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security docket # 8:25-cv-00243 filed in District Court, D. Maryland on January 27, 2025 about ICE Enforcement in Houses of Worship. The original lawsuit sought the following relief:

    1. Declare unconstitutional any policy permitting government agents to carry out immigration-enforcement activities at or near houses of worship when those policies are limited only by individual agents’ subjective “common sense”;
    2. Declare the 2025 Policy unconstitutional, void, and of no effect;
    3. Enjoin and vacate the 2025 Policy; 
    4. Enjoin DHS and its constituent agencies from implementing, enforcing, or acting pursuant to the 2025 Policy on both a preliminary and permanent basis;
    5. Award Plaintiffs costs of suit, attorneys’ fees, and expenses to the greatest extent authorized by all applicable laws; and
    6. Issue such other relief as the Court deems proper. 

On February 3, 2026, Judge Theodore D Chaung ordered:

DHS's Partial Motion to Dismiss will be GRANTED IN PART AND DENIED IN PART. The Motion will be granted as to Count 6 [2025 Policy set forth in the Huffman Memorandum is a general policy statement exempt from any requirement for notice-and-commenting rulemaking] but will be denied as to Counts 3 [violation of Administrative Procedures Act - arbitrary and capricious adoption of new protected-areas policy], 4 [violation of Administrative Procedures Act - contrary to constitutional right "at or near houses of worship or religious ceremonies"], and 5 [violation of Administrative Procedures Act - in excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority, or limitations]. A separate Order shall issue.

There should be no location exempt from having criminals removed. In fact, removing criminals will make others at that location safer. 

In the lawsuit Grundmann v. Trump docket # 25-5165 appeal of 1:25-cv-00425 filed in Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit on May 14, 2025 about Firing of FLRA (Federal Labor Relations Authority) Member. On February 4, 2026, Judges Henderson, Pillard, and Wilkins ordered:

    • ORDERED that the motion be granted. The district court’s March 12, 2025 order and opinion are hereby vacated and this case be remanded with instructions to dismiss with prejudice.

So, unless Grundmann wants to apply to SCOTUS to hear her case (which I highly doubt they will), this case has ended.

Today's Patriot is Doctor Arthur Lee, MD, born December 20, 1740 at Stratford Hall, Westmoreland County, Virginia. He was the 8th and youngest with 5 surviving brothers. Their parents had 11 children, 8 of whom survived to adulthood (6 boys and 2 girls). His brothers Richard Henry Lee and Francis Lightfoot Lee were signers of the Declaration of Independence.

Arthur attended Eton College and England then moved to University of Edinburgh where he studied medicine, graduating in 1764. In 1766, he studied law at Temple Bar in London, practicing from 1770-1776 in London after passing the bar. 

Arthur never married and had no known children.

In 1768, Arthur published 10 letters under the pseudonym "Monitor" in Rind's Virginia Gazette. These letters were critical of the Townshend Acts imposed by Parliament. Monitor VIII of April 14, 1768 is available to read at Encyclopedia Virginia. That summer, Arthur returned to London.

Some of Arthur's written works are available for free online:

In 1770, Arthur was named as correspondent to Britain and France from Massachusetts. His friendship with Samuel Adams began through correspondence; however, they did not meet in person until after 1780. Arthur met Benjamin Franklin in London. Arthur criticized Benjamin's extravagant lifestyle.

The Continental Congress appointed Arthur as envoy to Spain and Prussia. The 2nd Continental Congress asked Arthur to become its confidential correspondent in London by November 1775. Arthur is considered to be one of America's first spies. He is known for identifying Edward Bancroft as a British Spy.

In 1778, Arthur helped negotiate the Treaty of Alliance in France with Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane, after which he was recalled to the US. Arthur returned to Virginia in 1782. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

In 1790, Arthur purchased Lansdowne from Ralph Wormeley III, a Virginia politician, in Urbanna on Virginia's Middle Peninsula. 

Arthur died after a brief illness at Lansdowne at age 52 on December 12, 1792. He was interred in the rear garden with no marker.


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TrumpRx Goes Live, NBC Interview, National Prayer Breakfast, 2025 Easter Egg Roll, Treaty Of Alliance, Treaty Of Amity & Commerce, And Patriot Silas Deane

February 7, 2026

TrumpRx Goes Live, NBC Interview, National Prayer Breakfast, 2025 Easter Egg Roll, Treaty Of Alliance, Treaty Of Amity & Commerce, And Patriot Silas Deane

By S.E. Gunn, PhDAll News Pipeline

On February 5, 2026, the White House published the Fact Sheet President Donald J. Trump Launches TrumpRx.gov to Bring Lower Drug Prices to American Patients announces the launch of TrumpRx.gov a site where US Citizens can go to access coupons for the lowest price on the most popular and highest-priced medicines. 

The Fact Sheet reminds us that President Trump has worked throughout the 1st year of his 2nd term to ensure US Citizens have the lowest prices for their prescriptions: 

The TrumpRx.gov site produces a coupon you can print or put in your smartphone's wallet for use at a pharmacy. 

On February 6, 2026, the White House published the article President Trump Launches TrumpRx.gov, Delivering Massive, Immediate Savings to Millions of Americans calling the new TrumpRx.gov site transformative because it provides Americans direct access to receive coupons to lower costs for prescription drugs. The Trump Administration is working to add additional prescription savings as they aggressively pursue agreements with pharmaceutical manufacturers. In addition to lowering prescription prices, President Trump calls upon Congress to pass his Great Healthcare Plan (discussed in my January 16, 2026 ANP Article).



On February 5, 2026, the White House published the article President Trump Showcases Historic Successes, Future Vision in Exclusive NBC Interview discussing President Trump's nearly hour-long exclusive interview with Tom Llamas, an NBC news anchor. President Trump touted his progress towards making the US greater than it has ever been. The article highlighted some key moments from the interview covering: 

The interview covered other topics as well. Here is the extended 50 minute interview:

On February 5, 2026, President Trump attended the National Prayer Breakfast. In 1953, Abraham Vereide, Methodist minister and founder of International Christian Leadership, founded the National Prayer Breakfast to take place on the first Thursday in February. The event was attended by business and civic leaders in Seattle, Washington starting in 1935. When Abraham moved to Washington, DC, he included Congressmen to his already established business and civic leaders groups.

The service in Washington, DC, was initially called the Presidential Prayer Breakfast. In 1970, the name was changed to today's National Prayer Breakfast. Dwight D. Eisenhower was the first President to participate, convinced by evangelist Billy Graham it would be well received. Every President since then has participated. 

Of course, the loony left must attack this prayer event that started 91 years ago as a Prayer Breakfast, changed 73 years ago to Presidential Prayer Breakfast, finally becoming today's National Prayer Breakfast 56 years ago: 

On February 2, 2023, NPR (which has been defunded for clearly partisan reporting) portrayed the National Prayer Breakfast that year as excluding the approximately 30% of Americans who are religiously unaffiliated. 

On February 29, 2024, Americans United For Separation of Church and State called the National Prayer Breakfast that year as unhealthy, a relic from the 1950s era of civil religion, a florid display of Christian Nationalism

On February 12, 2025, the Interfaith Alliance Achieving Democracy Together claim President Trump gave troubling remarks by using exclusive religious rhetoric supporting Christian Nationalism.  They also accuse President Trump of violating separation of Church & State with the creation of EO 14205 Establishment of The White House Faith Office signed February 7, 2025.

In Section 1, EO 14205 acknowledges faith-based entities serve individuals, families, and communities using means separate from what the government does (or can do). 

Section 2 amends EO 13198 signed January 29, 2001, EO 13279 signed December 12, 2002, EO 13559 signed November 17, 2010, EO 13280 signed December 12, 2002, EO 13342 signed June 1, 2004, and EO 13397 signed March 7, 2006 to reflect White House Faith Office instead of White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives or White House OFBCI and and Center for Faith instead of Center for Faith-based and Community Initiatives or Centers for Faith-based and Community Initiatives. This action standardizes the title of the office and the center.

Section 3 establishes the Faith Office, housed in the Domestic Policy Council, to empower faith-based entities. The Office is headed by a Senior Advisor to the White House Faith Office and other positions the President deems appropriate. 

Section 4 defines the functions of the White House Faith Office as:

      • (a) To the extent permitted by law, the Office shall:
        • (i) from time to time, consult with and seek information from experts and various faith and community leaders identified by the White House Faith Office and other EOP components, including those from outside the Federal Government and those from State, local, and Tribal governments. These experts and leaders shall be identified based on their expertise in a broad range of areas in which faith-based entities, community organizations, and houses of worship operate, including protecting women and children; strengthening marriage and family; lifting up individuals through work and self-sufficiency, defending religious liberty; combatting anti-Semitic, anti-Christian, and additional forms of anti-religious bias; promoting foster care and adoption programs in partnership with faith-based entities; providing wholesome and effective education; preventing and reducing crime and facilitating prisoner reentry; promoting recovery from substance use disorder; and fostering flourishing minds;
        • (ii) make recommendations to the President, through the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy, regarding changes to policies, programs, and practices, and aspects of my Administration's policy agenda, that affect the ability of faith-based entities, community organizations, and houses of worship to serve families and communities;
        • (iii) convene meetings with representatives from the Centers for Faith and other representatives from across agencies as appropriate;
        • (iv) advise on the implementation throughout the Federal Government of those aspects of my Administration's policy agenda aimed at enabling faith-based entities, community organizations, and houses of worship to better serve families and communities;
        • (v) showcase innovative initiatives by faith-based entities, community organizations, and houses of worship that serve and strengthen individuals, families, and communities throughout the United States;
        • (vi) coordinate with all agencies to implement training and education throughout the country for faith-based entity grantees to build their capacity to procure grants;
        • (vii) support agencies in developing and implementing training and education regarding religious liberty exceptions, accommodations, or exemptions;
        • (viii) consult with public and private businesses regarding their policies for employee volunteerism, charitable giving, and payroll deductions;
        • (ix) coordinate with agencies on identifying and promoting grant opportunities for non-profit faith-based entities, community organizations, and houses of worship, especially those inexperienced with public funding but that operate effective programs;
        • (x) work in collaboration with the Attorney General, or a designee of the Attorney General, to identify concerns raised by faith-based entities, community organizations, and houses of worship about any failures of the executive branch to enforce constitutional and Federal statutory protections for religious liberty; and
        • (xi) identify and propose means to reduce burdens on the free exercise of religion, including legislative, regulatory, and other barriers to the full and active participation of faith-based entities, community organizations, and houses of worship in government-funded or government-conducted activities and programs.
      • (b) Agencies shall, to the extent permitted by law, provide such information, support, and assistance to the Office as may assist the Office in fulfilling this order.
      • (c) The Directors of each Center of Faith shall oversee their respective agency's efforts to assist the Office in carrying out this order, and shall report on such efforts to agency leadership and the Office. Agencies that lack a Center for Faith shall designate or appoint a Faith Liaison within the agency to oversee the agency's efforts to assist the Office in carrying out this order and to report on such efforts to agency leadership and the Office. All such agencies shall designate or appoint such a Faith Liaison within 90 days of the date of this order.

The accompanying Fact Sheet President Donald J. Trump Establishes White House Faith Office explains that this action defends religious liberty and safeguards the rights of US Citizens to religious freedom.

It will be interesting to see what these, and other, anti-Christian groups have to say about this year's Breakfast. Here is President Trump's speech at the February 5, 2026 National Prayer Breakfast:



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On February 6, 2026, the Office of the First Lady published the statement First Lady Melania Trump Announces 2026 White House Easter Egg Roll announcing the 148th White House Easter Egg Roll will take place April 6, 2026, on the South Lawn of the White House. Attendees will be families with children under 13 years of age. The White House Easter Egg Roll began in 1878 with President Rutherford B Hayes. For more info on the event visit the White House's Easter Egg Roll website.

If you want to attend, there will be an online ticket lottery which will open February 26, 2026 at noon ET and close March 4, 2026 at noon ET. Results will be announced March 10, 2026. There is no fee to enter the lottery. Only one application per household. Requires a minimum of 1 child under 13 plus 1 adult (maximum 2 adults per household). There is a limit of 6 tickets per household. 

There are also volunteer Opportunities for this event. If you are interested in volunteering, you must do so online using the official volunteer application. Volunteer applications will close February 27, 2026 at 5pm ET. If selected, you will be notified by March 6, 2026 via email. You must be 18 years old or older. You must apply individually (group applications are not accepted). Volunteers are responsible for their travel, accommodations, and personal expenses. Final acceptance for volunteers is contingent upon a successful background investigation.

This year's event will have commemorative eggs which will be given to attending children. A 5-piece set is available for purchase through the White House Historical Association Shop either online or in person. However, the 2026 commemorative eggs are not yet listed on the website for sale.

Video from the White House's 2025 Easter Egg Roll feature President Trump and First Lady Melania Trump:



On February 6, 1778, the Treaty of Alliance with France (formalizing military and financial support) and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce (recognizing the Independent Nation of the US and promoted trade) were signed.

The Treaty of Alliance with France (aka Franco-American Treaty) was a military treaty formalizing France's financial and military support of the Continental government in the US. This treaty was signed by C A Gerard (France), Benjamin Franklin (US), Silas Deane (US), and Arthur Lee (US). In general, this treaty guaranteed to provide France with a defensive alliance should England attack them. Both France and the US agreed to not make peace with England until England recognized the independence of the US. France also agreed to recognize the US as an independent country upon successful conclusion of the Revolutionary War. The transcript of the treaty reads as follows:

The most Christian King and the United States of North America, to wit, New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhodes island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, having this Day concluded a Treaty of amity and Commerce, for the reciprocal advantage of their Subjects and Citizens have thought it necessary to take into consideration the means of strengthening those engagements and of rondring them useful to the safety and tranquility of the two parties, particularly in case Great Britain in Resentment of that connection and of the good correspondence which is the object of the said Treaty, should break the Peace with France, either by direct hostilities, or by hindring her commerce and navigation, in a manner contrary to the Rights of Nations, and the Peace subsisting between the two Crowns; and his Majesty and the said united States having resolved in that Case to join their Councils and efforts against the Enterprises of their common Enemy, the respective Plenipotentiaries, impower'd to concert the Clauses & conditions proper to fulfil the said Intentions, have, after the most mature Deliberation, concluded and determined on the following Articles.

  • ART. 1. If War should break out betwan france and Great Britain, during the continuance of the present War betwan the United States and England, his Majesty and the said united States, shall make it a common cause, and aid each other mutually with their good Offices, their Counsels, and their forces, according to the exigence of Conjunctures as becomes good & faithful Allies.
  • ART. 2. The essential and direct End of the present defensive alliance is to maintain effectually the liberty, Sovereignty, and independance absolute and unlimited of the said united States, as well in Matters of Gouvernement as of commerce.
  • ART. 3. The two contracting Parties shall each on its own Part, and in the manner it may judge most proper, make all the efforts in its Power, against their common Enemy, in order to attain the end proposed.
  • ART. 4. The contracting Parties agree that in case either of them should form any particular Enterprise in which the concurrence of the other may be desired, the Party whose concurrence is desired shall readily, and with good faith, join to act in concert for that Purpose, as far as circumstances and its own particular Situation will permit; and in that case, they shall regulate by a particular Convention the quantity and kind of Succor to be furnished, and the Time and manner of its being brought into action, as well as the advantages which are to be its Compensation.
  • ART. 5. If the united States should think fit to attempt the Reduction of the British Power remaining in the Northern Parts of America, or the Islands of Bermudas, those Countries or Islands in case of Success, shall be confederated with or dependent upon the said united States.
  • ART. 6. The Most Christian King renounces for ever the possession of the Islands of Bermudas as well as of any part of the continent of North America which before the treaty of Paris in 1763. or in virtue of that Treaty, were acknowledged to belong to the Crown of Great Britain, or to the united States heretofore called British Colonies, or which are at this Time or have lately been under the Power of The King and Crown of Great Britain.
  • ART. 7. If his Most Christian Majesty shall think proper to attack any of the Islands situated in the Gulph of Mexico, or near that Gulph, which are at present under the Power of Great Britain, all the said Isles, in case of success, shall appertain to the Crown of France.
  • ART. 8. Neither of the two Parties shall conclude either Truce or Peace with Great Britain, without the formal consent of the other first obtain'd; and they mutually engage not to lay down their arms, until the Independence of the united states shall have been formally or tacitly assured by the Treaty or Treaties that shall terminate the War.
  • ART. 9. The contracting Parties declare, that being resolved to fulfil each on its own Part the clauses and conditions of the present Treaty of alliance, according to its own power and circumstances, there shall be no after claim of compensation on one side or the other whatever may be the event of the War.
  • ART. 10. The Most Christian King and the United states, agree to invite or admit other Powers who may have received injuries from England to make common cause with them, and to accede to the present alliance, under such conditions as shall be freely agreed to and settled between all the Parties.
  • ART. 11. The two Parties guarantee mutually from the present time and forever, against all other powers, to wit, the united states to his most Christian Majesty the present Possessions of the Crown of France in America as well as those which it may acquire by the future Treaty of peace: and his most Christian Majesty guarantees on his part to the united states, their liberty, Sovereignty, and Independence absolute, and unlimited, as well in Matters of Government as commerce and also their Possessions, and the additions or conquests that their Confederation may obtain during the war, from any of the Dominions now or heretofore possessed by Great Britain in North America, conformable to the 5th & 6th articles above written, the whole as their Possessions shall be fixed and assured to the said States at the moment of the cessation of their present War with England.
  • ART. 12. In order to fix more precisely the sense and application of the preceding article, the Contracting Parties declare, that in case of rupture between France and England, the reciprocal Guarantee declared in the said article shall have its full force and effect the moment such War shall break out and if such rupture shall not take place, the mutual obligations of the said guarantee shall not commence, until the moment of the cessation of the present War between the united states and England shall have ascertained the Possessions.
  • ART. 13. The present Treaty shall be ratified on both sides and the Ratifications shall be exchanged in the space of six months, sooner if possible.

In faith where of the respective Plenipotentiaries, to wit on the part of the most Christian King Conrad Alexander Gerard royal syndic of the City of Strasbourgh & Secretary of his majestys Council of State and on the part of the United States Benjamin Franklin Deputy to the General Congress from the State of Pensylvania and President of the Convention of the same state, Silas Deane heretofore Deputy from the State of Connecticut & Arthur Lee Councellor at Law have signed the above Articles both in the French and English Languages declaring Nevertheless that the present Treaty was originally composed and concluded in the French Language, and they have hereunto affixed their Seals. Done at Paris, this sixth Day of February, one thousand seven hundred and seventy eight.

The Treaty of Amity and Commerce (full text available at the Yale Law School Law Library here) formalized trade with mutual commercial and navigation rights on the seas. The terms and provisions of this treaty included:

  • Peace and friendship between the U.S. and France
  • Mutual most favored nation status with regard to commerce and navigation
  • Mutual protection of all vessels and cargo when in U.S. or French jurisdiction
  • Ban on fishing in waters possessed by the other with exception of the Banks of Newfoundland
  • Mutual right for citizens of one country to hold land in other's territory
  • Mutual right to search a ship of the other's coming out of an enemy port for contraband
  • Right to due process of law if contraband is found on an allied ship and only after being officially declared contraband may it be seized
  • Mutual protection of men-of-war and privateers and their crews from harm from the other party and reparations to be paid if this provision is broken
  • Restoration of stolen property taken by pirates
  • Right of ships of war and privateers to freely carry ships and goods taken for their enemy
  • Mutual assistance, relief, and safe harbor to ships, both of War and Merchant, in crisis in the other's territory
  • Neither side may commission privateers against the other nor allow foreign privateers that are enemies of either side to use their ports
  • Mutual right to trade with enemy states of the other as long as those goods are not contraband
  • If the two nations become enemies six months protection of merchant ships in enemy territory
  • To prevent quarrels between allies all ships must carry passports and cargo manifests
  • If two ships meet ships of war and privateers must stay out of cannon range but may board the merchant ship to inspect her passports and manifests
  • Mutual right to inspection of a ship's cargo to only happen once
  • Mutual right to have consuls, vice consuls, agents, and commissaries of one nation in the other's ports
  • France grants one or more ports under its control to be free ports to ships of the United States

Following the signing of these treaties, over 12,000 French soldiers, 22,000 French sailors, and 63 French warships assisted the Continental military in the Revolutionary War. French military leaders such as Lafayette and Comte de Rochambeau had decisive roles in the victories at Chesapeake and Yorktown hastening an end to the War. In 1783, France would play a leading role in brokering the Treaty of Paris (discussed in my January 15, 2026 ANP Article).



Today's Patriot is Silas Deane born January 7, 1738 in Groton, Connecticut. He was 1 of 8 children, 6 of whom survived childhood.

Silas obtained a full scholarship to Yale, graduating in 1758. By April 1759, he was a tutor for Edward Bancroft in Hartford, Connecticut. In 1761, Dean was admitted to the bar then practicing law outside of Hartford.

On October 8, 1763, Silas married widow Mehitable (Nott) Webb (1732-1767) in Wethersfield, Hartford, Connecticut and the couple had one son in 1764. On November 16, 1769, Silas married Elizabeth (Saltonstall) Ewets (1742-1777) in Wethersfield, Hartford, Connecticut. The couple had 1 child (who did not survive childhood). Elizabeth died while Silas was in France. Both wives are interred in the Old Wethersfield Village Cemetery.

Silas gave up law, becoming a successful business merchant. His foray into politics began in 1768 when he was elected to the Connecticut House of Representatives. In 1769, he was appointed to the Wethersfield Committee of Correspondence. From 1774-1776 he was a delegate to the Continental Congress. In 1776, Silas was replaced due to a disagreement over the appointment of Israel Putnam as a major general under George Washington.

On March 2, 1776, Silas was appointed by Congress to act as a secret envoy to France. The goal was to induce the French government to provide financial aid to the colonies. He was "outed" after Benjamin Franklin and Arthur Lee arrived in Paris. Benjamin brought orders from Congress appointing the 3 men as a diplomatic delegation to France.

Silas recruited several French soldiers to the US cause, including Marquis de Lafayette, Baron Johann de Kalb, Thomas Conway, Casimir Pulaski, and Baron von Steuben. However, the behavior of these French soldiers cause dissention and many in Congress blamed Silas for their behavior. This, among other issues, resulted in Silas' recall on December 8, 1777.

Silas' recall was precipitated by a March 4, 1778 delivery of a letter from James Lovell in which James informed Silas he would be giving a report to Congress leaving Silas to think he would be returning back to Paris after he gave the report. He returned to the US bearing a portrait framed with diamonds from Louis XVI as well as letters of commendation from Vergennes and Benjamin Franklin. Upon his arrival in Philadelphia on July 14, 1778, Congress presented him with accusations of financial impropriety based on reports by Arthur Lee. No final determination was made; but, that did not stop gossip claiming he was a traitor and embezzler. Unfortunately, Silas left his account books in Paris (thinking he would return after giving his report), so he was unable to properly defend himself from Lee's accusations. Nor could he seek reimbursement for his expenses while acting on behalf of the US government.

Silas was defended by John Jay. Silas refused the $10,000 in depreciated Continental currency as compensation because he believed the amount to be too small. Silas was allowed, in 1780, to return to Paris to settle his affairs as well as to assemble his financial records. Unfortunately, when he got there, he discovered his finances ruined because his investments fell and some of the ships carrying his merchandise were seized by the British.

In March 1781, Lord North received approval to attempt to bribe Silas, recruiting him as a spy. This plan was cancelled because they intercepted letters from Silas in which he wrote that the situation in the colonies was hopeless. These letters were published in Rivington's Royal Gazette in New York City, New York which resulted in Silas being accused of treason. However, Rivington may have been a spy as a member of the Culper Ring.

Silas became bedridden in fall of 1787 from an unknown illness which plagued him until April 1789. This time period depleted his remaining funds leaving him subject to the charity of friends. While he was ill, his account book was stolen, then offered to Thomas Jefferson for purchase (with the other option being selling the books to the British government). Thomas ultimately purchased the books at a greatly reduced price.

Silas died September 23, 1789 at age 51 from an illness acquired after boarding the ship Boston Packet in Gravesend, Great Britain to return to the US. Some suggest Silas was poisoned (most likely by Bancroft) over his upcoming testimony to Congress. He was interred in St Leonard's Churchyard in Deal, on the Kentish coast, England.

Silas' legacy was restored when it was proved that the audit by Congress was ex parte, erroneous, and a gross injustice to Silas Deane and his granddaughter, who brought the case, received $37,000 in 1841/2 (well over $1M in today's dollars).

One thing is certain, Silas Deane was instrumental in establishing relations between France and the US. And the subsequent settlement made with his granddaughter indicate that accusations of treason and financial impropriety were unfounded.


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